Takeover
When a larger company or conglomeration buys out another smaller company. For example, when Disney bought Lucasfilm and all of it's companies.
Merger
When two companies decide to form a partnership or combine both companies to form a new one. For example, Orange and Vodafone formed to create EE.
Vertical Integration
When a company expands itself into different areas of the same production path. For example, Rupert Murdoch owns many similar news corporations.
Horizontal Integration
When a company expands it's business into different products that are similar to current lines. For example, Richard Branson owns Virgin which owns a diverse range of services like Virgin Air, Media, Mobile, Money, Records, Publishing etc.
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